on October 31, 2026
Water represents one of the main environments in which biological processes take place. In the body, it acts as a solvent, reaction medium, carrier of nutrients and metabolites, temperature regulator, and essential component of cellular homeostasis. The physiology of hydration, however, does not depend solely on the amount of water consumed, but on the interaction between water, electrolytes, cell membranes, kidneys, cardiovascular system, and neuroendocrine regulatory mechanisms.
From this perspective arises the interest in systems capable not only of filtering water, but of controlledly modifying some of its physicochemical characteristics.
TRIMERA Water fits precisely into this field: the system combines a reverse osmosis phase with a subsequent remineralization and mineral treatment phase. The technological concept is therefore different from that of a simple home filter.
From filtration to the reconstruction of the mineral profile
Reverse osmosis is an established water treatment technology. A semipermeable membrane subjected to pressure allows the preferential passage of water, retaining a very high proportion of solutes, ions, and dissolved compounds. The World Health Organization recognizes reverse osmosis as one of the main membrane processes used in drinking water treatment.
However, one of the effects of the technology is also the reduction of the mineral component. The WHO notes, in fact, that a home reverse osmosis system can remove almost all the calcium and magnesium present in the source water.
Hence comes the importance of the second phase of TRIMERA Water: remineralization.
The technological principle consists in making osmosed water interact with mineralizing materials, so as to modify its physicochemical profile again. Commercial systems based on this technology use mineralizing ceramic materials containing, among others, components associated with calcium, magnesium, and potassium, and claim the production of alkaline water containing dissolved hydrogen.
It is therefore more correct to describe TRIMERA Water as:
filtration → reverse osmosis → remineralization → water with a new physicochemical profile.
This represents the scientifically most solid core of the system.
Alkaline pH: a real parameter, but to be interpreted correctly
Water with a pH around 9.5 is indeed alkaline from a chemical point of view.
However, pH must not be automatically interpreted as a measure of “organismal alkalinity”.
The human body possesses extremely efficient systems to keep blood pH within a very narrow range. Lungs, kidneys, buffer systems, and metabolism work continuously together to maintain acid-base balance.
Drinking alkaline water, therefore, does not mean making the blood alkaline or permanently altering the pH of the tissues.
This point is fundamental for scientifically correct communication.
Alkaline water can modify some physiological parameters, especially at the gastrointestinal and urinary level, but there is not sufficient evidence to state that water with a pH of 9.5 “prevents tissue acidosis”, eliminates toxins from the extracellular matrix, or systemically corrects metabolic acidosis.
A recent critical review of the literature has, in fact, concluded that the clinical effects of alkaline water are still limited and context-dependent, while the much broader claims regarding metabolism, immunity, and general health are not adequately demonstrated.
Even a previous systematic review on alkaline water and cancer had not found randomized clinical trials demonstrating its role in cancer prevention or treatment.
The correct formulation, therefore, is:
TRIMERA Water produces alkaline water with a measurable and reproducible pH; the physiological effect of alkaline water is a subject of research and must not be presented as a therapy.
ORP: what does a negative value really mean
A second particularly interesting parameter is the oxidation-reduction potential, or ORP.
ORP expresses the tendency of a chemical system to participate in oxidation or reduction reactions. A negative ORP indicates more reducing conditions compared to a system with a positive ORP.
A declared value for TRIMERA Water of about −460 mV, if confirmed by measurements carried out under defined analytical conditions, would therefore represent a strongly reducing aqueous environment.
But there is an important distinction:
Negative ORP does not automatically mean “antioxidant power in the body”.
The value measured in the glass is a physicochemical property of the water. The body, on the other hand, is a much more complex system, in which proteins, glutathione, uric acid, antioxidant enzymes, oxygen, metabolites, and numerous redox reactions intervene.
For this reason, the value of −460 mV can be presented as a physicochemical characteristic of the water, not as proof of a neutralization of free radicals in the body.
Molecular hydrogen: the most interesting biophysical component
Among the elements of alkaline water technology, molecular hydrogen (H₂)) is proTrimerailly the one that presents the greatest interest for contemporary biomedical research.
H₂ is a small gaseous molecule that canbe dissolved in water. Experimental and clinical studies have investigated the possibilitythat molecular hydrogen influences processes associated with oxidative stress and inflammation.
However, the research is not unanimous.
A meta-analysis of randomized studies on the use of hydrogen in adults undergoing physical activity found an improvement in overall antioxidant capacity, but not a statistically significant reduction in directly measured oxidative stress. The authors emphasize the need for more rigorous studies.
This is an interesting result because it simultaneously shows a possible biological activity and the limits of current evidence.
What have clinical studies on water rich in H₂shown?
Several randomized studies are available.
In a crossover study on physically active men, the intake of hydrogen-rich water during three consecutive days of intense exercise attenuated the reduction in antioxidant capacity observed with placebo water. However, no significant differences were observed in physical performance.
Another randomized, single-blind study observed that two weeks of continuous consumption of H₂-rich water could increase VO₂peak during an incremental cycling test; a single intake, on the other hand, did not produce significant effects.
Studies have also been published in which hydrogen-rich water was associated with changes in some markers of muscle damage or oxidative response during exercise. A randomized trial from 2025 conducted on high-level athletes found some favorable changes in parameters of muscle damage and antioxidant response, but not a significant improvement in perceived stress or overall recovery. The same authors emphasize that the mechanism of action remains not completely clarified.
Even more recently, a randomized study on physically active adults evaluated alkaline water enriched with hydrogen and observed a different IL-6 response after exercise compared to control water. This result is also interesting, but it is not sufficient to turn water into a medical treatment.
The literature, therefore, suggests a possible biological effect of H₂, especially in the field of oxidative stress and exercise response, but does not yet authorize speaking of a generalized therapeutic effect.
Cellular hydration and aquaporins: where water really enters the cells
One of the claims present in the communication of “structured” waters concerns their alleged ability to enter cells more quickly.
Here it is necessary to distinguish a well-documented biological phenomenon from an unproven interpretation.
Cells do indeed possess specific channels for water, the aquaporins. These proteins facilitate the movement of water through cell membranes and participate in the regulation of cell volume and water homeostasis.
This does not mean, however, that water must necessarily be composed of “trimer clusters” to cross aquaporins.
Transport through aquaporins depends mainly on membrane properties, the osmotic gradient, and channel regulation.
Therefore, the statement:
“TRIMERA Water enters cells immediately because it is Trimera”
is not supported today by a consolidated clinical demonstration.
It is instead scientifically correct to state that water is distributed in the body through complex osmotic mechanisms and through specific channels such as aquaporins.
What do we know about the “structure” of water?
This is one of the most fascinating aspects of water chemistry.
Liquid water is not a static collection of isolated molecules. H₂O molecules continuously form a dynamic network of hydrogen bonds that breaks and rebuilds on extremely rapid time scales.
Modern spectroscopy has studied this dynamic network in depth, showing that the structure of liquid water is complex, transient, and dependent on physical conditions and the environment.
It is therefore scientifically correct to speak of the dynamic organization of water.
It is, however, much more problematic to maintain that drinking water is stably composed predominantly of pentamers while a particular technology stably transforms it into biologically active trimers.
Modern literature does not, in fact, consider the “monomer → dimer → trimer → tetramer → pentamer” model as a stable classification of drinking water comparable to that used in commercial communication.
Consequently, if TRIMERA Water has its own NMR analyses that highlight differences compared to a control water, these analyses can be presented as specific experimental data of the system, but they must be accompanied by the analytical method, the measurement conditions, the controls, and reproducibility.
It is not sufficient to generically state that “NMR demonstrates Trimera Water”.
The biophysics of water: a real field, but still evolving
Water is certainly involved in complex biophysical phenomena.
It interacts with cell membranes, proteins, DNA, mineral surfaces, and macromolecules. Its dielectric properties, the hydrogen bond network, and molecular dynamics are fundamental to numerous biological functions.
This does not mean, however, that water is a simple “electromagnetic conductor of biological frequencies”.
Living organisms use electrical, chemical, mechanical, and electromagnetic signals, but cellular communication occurs through highly specific systems: receptors, ion channels, neurotransmitters, hormones, second messengers, and membrane modifications.
The word “information”, therefore, can be used in the TRIMERA project as a technological and philosophical concept, but it should not be transformed into a promise of “cellular reprogramming”.
TRIMERA Water and sports activity: what is the evidence?
Sports represent proTrimerailly one of the most interesting fields to study alkaline water and hydrogen-rich water.
During intense physical activity, ROS production, energy turnover, body temperature, and water and electrolyte loss increase. Proper hydration is fundamental to maintain plasma volume, thermoregulation, and performance.
Some studies on hydrogen-rich water have highlighted possible effects on oxidative stress markers, antioxidant capacity, or some performance parameters.
A randomized crossover study from 2024, for example, found an increase in total power and the number of repetitions after supplementation with hydrogen-rich water during a resistance training protocol.
Conversely, other studies have not observed significant improvements in performance. A randomized study on trained runners, for example, found no improvement in performance during an incremental test after acute ingestion of hydrogen-rich water.
This apparent contradiction is important: the research is promising, but not conclusive.
For this reason, it is not scientifically correct to state that TRIMERA Water “eliminates cramps,” “halves recovery times,” “eliminates muscle acidosis,” or “prevents injuries.”
Instead, concepts such as the following are sustainable:
adequate hydration, alkaline water, the presence of H₂ when analytically verified, and research interest in the relationship between H₂, oxidative stress, and exercise.
Does alkaline water alter physiology?
There are some studies that suggest specific physiological effects.
A randomized, double-blind trial conducted on 100 healthy adults after exercise-induced dehydration compared high-pH alkaline water with standard water. Alkaline water resulted in a greater reduction in high-shear blood viscosity, while other rehydration parameters, including plasma osmolality, bioimpedance, and body weight variation, did not differ significantly.
This type of result is much more interesting from a scientific point of view than a generic claim that alkaline water is “more absorbable.”
It actually shows that some physiological effects can be measured, but they must be studied through specific and controlled endpoints.
Why can't we talk about “detoxification”?
The concept of “detox” is frequently associated with alkaline waters.
From a physiological point of view, however, the detoxification of the body is a complex process that mainly involves the liver, kidneys, intestines, lungs, and enzymatic systems.
Drinking water certainly promotes normal kidney function when the body needs water, but there is insufficient evidence to state that TRIMERA Water “dissolves toxins in the extracellular matrix” or specifically eliminates them thanks to its ORP.
The scientifically more correct communication is therefore to talk about:
hydration, water quality, filtration, mineral profile, and physicochemical characteristics.
Water quality: the first concrete benefit
Even before talking about pH, ORP, or biophysics, the fundamental value of a water treatment system is the ability to produce water that is safe and compliant with the requirements intended for drinking use.
The WHO emphasizes that household water treatment systems must be evaluated based on their actual ability to remove contaminants and microorganisms, and that proper use and maintenance are essential.
For this reason, it is not correct to state in absolute terms that a reverse osmosis system eliminates “100% of all pollutants”.
Performance depends on the membrane, pressure, the quality of the incoming water, the type of contaminant, maintenance, and the integrity of the system.
The most rigorous formulation is:
“Reverse osmosis is a technology with a high removal capacity for numerous dissolved contaminants; the actual performance must be verified on the individual system and the specific feed water.”
TRIMERA Water: from technology to research
The true scientific interest of the TRIMERA Water system can therefore be represented through four distinct levels.
First level: filtration.
Reverse osmosis represents an established technology for the reduction of numerous dissolved substances.
Second level: remineralization.
After osmosis, the water can be enriched again with minerals, changing its taste and composition.
Third level: physicochemical characteristics.
pH, conductivity, ORP, and H₂ concentration are measurable parameters and can be analytically characterized.
Fourth level: biophysics.
The possible interactions between water, molecular hydrogen, oxidative stress, cell membranes, and metabolism represent a research field that is still evolving.
It is precisely this last level that makes the project particularly interesting, but also that in which greater scientific rigor must be maintained.
Bibliographic references
- World Health Organization. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality: Fourth Edition Incorporating the First, Second and Third Addenda. WHO, 2026.
- World Health Organization. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality – Annex 5: Treatment methods and performance. WHO.
- Jéquier E, Constant F. Water as an essential nutrient: the physiological basis of hydration. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2010;64:115–123. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2009.111.
- Agre P, et al. The discovery of water channels (aquaporins). Review of the physiological role of aquaporins.
- Nagata Y, et al. Vibrational Spectroscopy and Dynamics of Water. Chemical Reviews. 2016;116:7590–7607. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00640.
- Fenton TR, Huang T. Systematic review of the association between dietary acid load, alkaline water and cancer. BMJ Open. 2016.
- Aoki K, et al. Pilot study: Effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water on muscle fatigue caused by acute exercise in elite athletes. Medical Gas Research. 2012.
- Ooi CH, Ng SK, Omar EA. Acute ingestion of hydrogen-rich water does not improve incremental treadmill running performance in endurance-trained athletes. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2020;45:513–519. doi:10.1139/apnm-2019-0553.
- Yoritaka A, et al. Drinking hydrogen water enhances endurance and relieves psychometric fatigue: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 2019. doi:10.1139/cjpp-2019-0059.
- Effects of hydrogen-rich water on aerobic capacity: randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled study. PubMed. 2021.
- Can molecular hydrogen supplementation reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress in healthy adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis. 2024.
- Effects of 8 days intake of hydrogen-rich water on muscular endurance performance and fatigue recovery during resistance training. Frontiers in Physiology. 2024.
- Hydrogen-Rich Water Decreases Muscle Damage and Improves Power Endurance in Elite Athletes: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 2025.
- Effect of electrolyzed high-pH alkaline water on blood viscosity in healthy adults: randomized double-blind trial.
- Biocera – Antioxidant Hydrogen Alkaline (A.H.A.) Water Purifier — technological reference used to describe the principle of post-osmosis, remineralization, and production of alkaline/hydrogenated water.
