on June 28, 2026
Skin aging is a progressive, multifactorial biological process involving structural and functional changes in the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous microcirculation. Although it is an inevitable physiological phenomenon associated with the passage of time, extensive scientific evidence shows that diet, lifestyle, and dermocosmetic treatments can significantly influence its rate and clinical expression.
The skin is the main organ interfacing with the external environment and, for this very reason, is continuously exposed to oxidative, metabolic, and inflammatory stimuli that gradually compromise its homeostasis. A modern strategy for preventing skin aging is not limited to the topical treatment of visible manifestations, but also considers nutritional support, systemic oxidative balance, and the maintenance of extracellular matrix integrity.
Physiological skin aging, also known as intrinsic or chronological aging, is accompanied by a progressive reduction in cell proliferation, regenerative capacity, and the synthesis of the main structural proteins of the dermis, particularly collagen and elastin.
As the years pass, the following are observed:
reduction in dermal thickness;
decreased skin hydration;
reduced elasticity;
altered cell turnover;
appearance of wrinkles and sagging;
worsening of local microcirculation.
At the same time, extrinsic aging or photoaging may occur, strongly influenced by environmental factors such as chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation, atmospheric pollution, an unbalanced diet, cigarette smoking, and oxidative stress.
Among the main mechanisms responsible for skin deterioration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a central role. Following exposure to UV rays, fine particulate matter, heavy metals, and oxidizing compounds, the formation of free radicals increases, exerting harmful effects on cell membranes, structural proteins, DNA, and mitochondria.
Oxidative stress also activates proteolytic enzymes belonging to the metalloproteinase (MMP) family, which are responsible for the degradation of collagen and elastin, contributing to the loss of skin tone and firmness.
To counteract these phenomena, our body has endogenous antioxidant systems that, however, tend to decrease with age. When physiological defenses are no longer sufficient, the contribution of exogenous antioxidants introduced through diet and cosmetics becomes strategic.
Diet represents one of the main tools for preventing skin aging.
A diet focused on skin health should favor:
abundant consumption of fruits and vegetables;
adequate water intake;
sources of essential fatty acids;
reduction of simple sugars;
caloric intake control;
limitation of alcohol and ultra-processed foods.
Deep skin hydration depends significantly on daily water intake and the water content of plant-based foods. Water, herbal teas, and fruit and vegetable juices can help maintain water balance and skin nourishment.
Among the main nutritional allies are plant oils rich in essential fatty acids.
Sweet almond oil (Prunus dulcis), obtained through cold pressing, has high skin affinity and contains mainly oleic and linoleic acids. Its emollient properties promote skin elasticity, softness, and resistance to stretching.
Rosehip oil, obtained from the seeds of the wild rose fruit, is characterized by its high linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid content, as well as the presence of tocopherols, carotenoids, and phytosterols. These compounds support cell renewal and the functionality of biological membranes.
Avocado oil (Persea americana) is also particularly interesting, rich in an unsaponifiable fraction containing avocatin, phytosterols, and vitamin E. Avocatin appears to exert a modulating activity on the enzymes involved in collagen degradation, contributing to the maintenance of skin elasticity.
Centella asiatica is also attributed an important role in the cosmetic prevention of wrinkles.
Standardized extracts of the plant exhibit a specific activity on connective tissue thanks to the presence of asiaticosides and triterpenic compounds capable of stimulating fibroblasts and supporting the biosynthesis of collagen and elastin.
Centella also contributes to the maintenance of skin microcirculation nourishment and the control of vascular permeability, supporting the physiological oxygenation of tissues.
Internal nutritional support can also contribute to the maintenance of skin quality.
Among the micronutrients of interest is vitamin A, essential for:
maintenance of the skin barrier;
epidermal turnover;
collagen biosynthesis;
antioxidant protection.
Carrot extract (Daucus carota L.), naturally rich in carotenoids, represents a useful plant source for supporting physiological skin metabolism.
Further interest is focused on omega-6, particularly Borage oil (Borrago officinalis), rich in gamma-linolenic acid, involved in the processes of maintaining barrier function and epidermal regeneration.
Alongside nutritional support, daily topical treatment maintains an essential role.
Modern dermocosmetic formulations can integrate:
humectant ingredients;
restorative substances;
antioxidant components;
soothing actives;
elements capable of supporting physiological skin pH.
Aloe vera helps maintain hydration and barrier function.
Rose water has a rebalancing and refreshing effect.
Argan oil and shea butter provide physiological lipids that help maintain elasticity.
Plant-derived alpha-hydroxy acids promote natural epidermal turnover.
Thanks to their adsorbent and purifying properties, cosmetic clays can complement skin cleansing and renewal programs, adapting to different skin types.
The most modern approach to anti-aging therefore considers the skin as a complex biological system in which nutrition, lifestyle, and topical treatment must act in a coordinated manner.
Taking early action with preventive strategies and maintaining proper habits over time is today one of the most effective ways to support skin elasticity, tone, and function.
Bibliography
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Bylka W, Znajdek-Awizen P, Studzinska-Sroka E, et al. Phytother Res. 2014.
Laugel C, Cohen-Letessier A, Clement A, Laverdet C. Evaluation of clinical and echographic efficacy of Centella asiatica cream. 1999.
Pillai S, Oresajo C, Hayward J. Ultraviolet radiation and skin aging. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2005.
Vierkötter A, Krutmann J. Environmental influences on skin aging. J Dermatol Sci. 2012.
