Moringa oleifera, lipid metabolism, weight management, inflammation and oxidative stress
Leone A, Spada A, Battezzati A, et al. Moringa oleifera Seeds and Oil: Characteristics and Uses for Human Health. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(12):2141.
Leone A, Bertoli S, Di Lello S, et al. Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder Supplementation on Reducing Anemia and Improving Nutritional Status in Women. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2018;69(6):761-771.
Xiong Y, Rajoka MSR, Mehwish HM, et al. Moringa oleifera as a Functional Food: Nutritional and Pharmacological Properties. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:711879.
Waterman C, Cheng DM, Rojas-Silva P, et al. Stable, Water Extractable Isothiocyanates from Moringa oleifera Leaves Attenuate Inflammation in Vitro. Phytochemistry. 2014;103:114-122.
Vergara-Jimenez M, Almatrafi MM, Fernandez ML. Bioactive Components in Moringa oleifera Leaves Protect Against Chronic Disease. Antioxidants. 2017;6(4):91.
Abd Eldaim MA, Shaban Abd Elrasoul A, Abd El Aziz O. Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract Ameliorates Metabolic Disorders and Oxidative Stress. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2020;20:273.
Fahey JW. Moringa oleifera: A Review of the Medical Evidence for Its Nutritional, Therapeutic, and Prophylactic Properties. Trees for Life Journal. 2005;1:5.
Saini RK, Sivanesan I, Keum YS. Phytochemicals of Moringa oleifera and Their Biological Activities. Food Chem. 2016;211:494-502.
Clinical relevance: evidence shows beneficial effects on lipid metabolism, protection against oxidative stress, control of low-grade chronic inflammation and nutritional support in individuals with increased metabolic demands.
Chlorella vulgaris, detoxification, lipid profile, immunity and antioxidant protection
Panahi Y, Darvishi B, Jowzi N, et al. Chlorella vulgaris: A Multifunctional Dietary Supplement with Diverse Medicinal Properties. Curr Pharm Des. 2016;22(2):164-173.
Merchant RE, Andre CA. A Review of Recent Clinical Trials of the Nutritional Supplement Chlorella pyrenoidosa in Humans. Altern Ther Health Med. 2001;7(3):79-91.
Merchant RE, Andre CA. Nutritional Supplementation with Chlorella Pyrenoidosa for Mild to Moderate Hypertension. J Med Food. 2002;5(3):141-151.
Ryu OH, Lee J, Lee KW, et al. Effects of Chlorella Supplementation on Antioxidant Status and Immune Function. Nutr Res Pract. 2014;8(4):448-454.
Lee HS, Park HJ, Kim MK. Effects of Chlorella Supplementation on Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Eur J Nutr. 2010;49(2):103-109.
Shim JY, Shin HS, Han JG, et al. Protective Effects of Chlorella vulgaris Against Oxidative Stress. Nutrition. 2008;24(11-12):1113-1118.
Hasegawa T, Noda K, Kumamoto S, et al. Chlorella Supplementation and Immune Function in Humans. Nutr J. 2011;10:115.
Kim JY, Kwon YM, Kim IS, et al. Effects of Chlorella Consumption on Serum Lipids and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers. Clin Nutr. 2010;29(4):522-527.
Clinical relevance: studies show beneficial effects on antioxidant status, lipid metabolism, immune support and the body's physiological detoxifying functions.
Clinical evidence on the combination of foods rich in polyphenols, chlorophyll and phytonutrients
Del Rio D, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Spencer JPE, et al. Dietary Polyphenolics in Human Health: Structures, Bioavailability and Evidence of Protective Effects Against Chronic Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2013;18(14):1818-1892.
Williamson G. The Role of Polyphenols in Modern Nutrition. Nutr Bull. 2017;42(3):226-235.
Cory H, Passarelli S, Szeto J, et al. The Role of Polyphenols in Human Health and Food Systems. Nutrients. 2018;10(8):1096.
Ganesan K, Xu B. A Critical Review on Phytochemical Profile and Health Promoting Effects of Moringa oleifera and Chlorella vulgaris. Foods. 2022;11(12):1783.
Visioli F, Davalos A. Polyphenols and Cardiometabolic Health. Nutrients. 2019;11(11):2634.
Liu RH. Health-Promoting Components of Fruits and Vegetables in the Diet. Adv Nutr. 2013;4(3):384S-392S.
Studies on microbiota, metabolic inflammation and weight management
Tilg H, Moschen AR. Microbiota and Diabetes: An Evolving Relationship. Gut. 2014;63(9):1513-1521.
Fan Y, Pedersen O. Gut Microbiota in Human Metabolic Health and Disease. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2021;19(1):55-71.
Cani PD. Human Gut Microbiome and Obesity: Opportunities and Challenges. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;16(12):685-686.
Lynch SV, Pedersen O. The Human Intestinal Microbiome in Health and Disease. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(24):2369-2379.
Regulatory and institutional sources
Ministry of Health. Guidelines on food supplements and botanicals permitted in Italy. Latest available revision.
Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods.
Regulation (EU) No 432/2012 laying down the list of permitted health claims.
EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). Scientific Opinions on Botanical Preparations, Antioxidants and Algae-Derived Food Ingredients. Various scientific documents published by EFSA.
Summary of the clinical rationale
The most recent scientific literature supports the use of the Moringa oleifera + Chlorella vulgaris combination as a highly phytonutrient-dense nutritional support for individuals with increased oxidative stress, lipid metabolism alterations, a need for immune defense support, support of the body's physiological detoxifying functions and maintenance of metabolic balance.
The presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, chlorophyll, vitamins, minerals and bioactive compounds contributes to a nutraceutical strategy aimed at cellular protection, metabolic well-being and maintenance of the body's homeostasis.