Rosehip (Rosa moschata / Rosa rubiginosa)
Rosehip oil is one of the most studied dermocosmetic ingredients for maintaining skin elasticity and promoting epidermal renewal. It is naturally rich in essential fatty acids, carotenoids, tocopherols, and phytosterols that help maintain the skin barrier and improve the appearance of photoexposed and mature skin. Several clinical studies have shown improvements in skin hydration, radiance, and elasticity after continuous topical application.
Key references
Phetcharat L. et al. The effectiveness of a standardized rose hip powder on skin aging. Clinical Interventions in Aging. 2015.
Chrubasik C. et al. A systematic review on the use of Rosa species in dermatology. Phytotherapy Research.
Lin TK, Zhong L, Santiago JL. Anti-inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Plant Oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018.
Jojoba Oil (Simmondsia chinensis)
Jojoba oil has a lipid composition very similar to human sebum. This characteristic promotes skin absorption, helps restore the epidermal barrier, and improves hydration without an occlusive effect. It is one of the most studied plant oils in modern functional cosmetology.
Key references
Habashy RR et al. Jojoba Oil: An Updated Comprehensive Review on Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Uses and Toxicity. Polymers. 2024.
Lin TK et al. Anti-inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Plant Oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018.
Argan Oil (Argania spinosa)
Argan oil is rich in vitamin E, phytosterols, and unsaturated fatty acids. Clinical studies show improvements in skin elasticity, hydration, and barrier function after continuous topical application.
Key references
Boucetta K et al. Argan Oil Benefits on Skin Elasticity in Postmenopausal Women. Clinical Interventions in Aging. 2015.
Monfalouti HE et al. Therapeutic Potential of Argan Oil. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
Borage Oil (Borago officinalis)
Borage oil is one of the richest natural sources of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), a key component of cell membranes. Numerous studies have highlighted its role in maintaining the skin's barrier function, softness, and hydration.
Key references
Morse NL. Benefits of Gamma-Linolenic Acid in Skin Disorders. Alternative Medicine Review.
Lin TK et al. Anti-inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Plant Oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018.
Evening Primrose Oil (Oenothera biennis)
Evening primrose oil provides gamma-linolenic acid and linoleic acid, helping to maintain the epidermal barrier and skin elasticity.
Key references
Bamford JTM et al. Evening Primrose Oil and Skin Barrier Function. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology.
Lin TK et al. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018.
Flaxseed Oil (Linum usitatissimum)
Rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), it helps maintain the integrity of cell membranes and epidermal hydration.
Key references
Kaul N et al. Flaxseed Oil and Skin Hydration. British Journal of Nutrition.
Lin TK et al. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018.
Shea Butter (Butyrospermum parkii)
Shea butter is recognized for its emollient and protective properties. It helps restore the lipid barrier and reduces transepidermal water loss (TEWL).
Key references
Vermaak I et al. Shea Butter: Properties and Cosmetic Applications. Journal of Oleo Science.
Israili ZH. Shea Butter and Skin Barrier Function. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.
Cocoa Butter (Theobroma cacao)
Cocoa butter provides structural lipids and phytosterols that improve skin softness, elasticity, and comfort.
Key references
Lodén M. Role of Emollients and Moisturizers in Skin Barrier Repair. Clinics in Dermatology.
Wheat Germ Oil
Naturally rich in vitamin E and phytosterols, it helps protect the skin from oxidative stress.
Key references
Draelos ZD. Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Wiley Blackwell.
Sweet Almond Oil
Sweet almond oil improves skin hydration and helps maintain the epidermal barrier.
Key references
Ahmad Z. The Uses and Properties of Almond Oil. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice.
Grape Seed Oil
Rich in proanthocyanidins and vitamin E, it provides important antioxidant and protective action against UV-induced oxidative stress.
Key references
Shi J et al. Grape Seed Bioactive Compounds and Skin Health. Journal of Medicinal Food.
Rice Bran Oil
A natural source of gamma-oryzanol, phytosterols, and vitamin E, it helps protect the skin barrier.
Key references
Patel M, Naik SN. Gamma-Oryzanol from Rice Bran. Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research.
Babassu Oil
Babassu oil improves skin softness thanks to its high content of medium-chain saturated fatty acids.
Key references
Silva BP et al. Babassu Oil in Dermatological Formulations. Cosmetics.
Apricot Kernel Oil
Apricot oil is rich in oleic acid and vitamin E, helping to nourish and improve skin softness.
Key references
Lin TK et al. Plant Oils in Dermatology. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018.
Sodium Hyaluronate
Hyaluronic acid is the main polysaccharide of the skin's extracellular matrix. Numerous clinical studies show that it significantly improves skin hydration, elasticity, and roughness.
Key references
Bravo B et al. Benefits of Topical Hyaluronic Acid for Skin Quality and Signs of Skin Aging. Dermatologic Therapy. 2022.
Papakonstantinou E et al. Hyaluronic Acid: A Key Molecule in Skin Aging. Dermato-Endocrinology.
Aloe Barbadensis
Aloe vera promotes superficial skin hydration and helps maintain barrier function.
Key references
Sánchez M et al. Pharmacological Update Properties of Aloe. Molecules. 2020.
Surjushe A et al. Aloe vera: A Short Review. Indian Journal of Dermatology.
Tetrahydrocurcuminoids (Curcuma longa)
Tetrahydrocurcuminoids are highly bioavailable metabolites of curcumin. Recent clinical studies have shown improvements in skin radiance, pigmentation, and protection against oxidative stress.
Key references
Draelos ZD et al. Topical Tetrahydrocurcuminoids Improve Skin Tone and Photoaging. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. 2022.
Katta R, Desai SP. Curcumin in Dermatology. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology.
Centella asiatica
Asiaticoside and the triterpenes of Centella stimulate collagen synthesis and improve skin elasticity and repair. It is one of the cosmetic active ingredients with the highest number of clinical studies.
Key references
Bylka W et al. Centella asiatica in Cosmetology. Postepy Dermatologii i Alergologii.
Kimura Y et al. Clinical Efficacy of Centella asiatica Extract on Skin Aging. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology.
Ginkgo biloba
Ginkgo flavonoids improve skin microcirculation and help protect the skin against oxidative damage.
Key references
Mahady GB. Ginkgo biloba for Dermatological Applications. American Journal of Medicine.
Horse Chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum)
Escin improves superficial microcirculation and reduces capillary permeability, making it useful in cosmetics for dull and congested skin.
Key references
Sirtori CR. Aescin: Pharmacology and Clinical Applications. Pharmacological Research.
Green Tea (Camellia sinensis)
Green tea catechins, particularly EGCG, are among the most studied topical antioxidants for protection against photoaging.
Key references
Katiyar SK. Green Tea Prevents UV-Induced Skin Damage. Archives of Dermatology.
Nichols JA, Katiyar SK. Skin Photoprotection by Natural Polyphenols. Frontiers in Oncology.
Ginseng (Panax ginseng)
Ginsenosides promote cell vitality, collagen synthesis, and protection against skin aging processes.
Key references
Kim YJ et al. Anti-aging Effects of Panax ginseng. Journal of Ginseng Research.
Arnica montana
Arnica is traditionally used in topical preparations for the well-being of skin subjected to mechanical stress. Standardized extracts show soothing and decongestant properties.
Key references
Widrig R et al. Arnica montana in Topical Therapy. Rheumatology International.
EMA. Herbal Monograph on Arnica montana.
Lemon Essential Oil
Lemon essential oil provides monoterpenes and aromatic components with antioxidant activity. It must be used in concentrations prescribed by cosmetic regulations.
Key references
European Medicines Agency. Monograph on Citrus limon.
IFRA Standards.
Jasmine Essential Oil
Jasmine is used mainly for its aromatic properties and its contribution to the sensory experience of the formulation.
Key references
International Fragrance Association (IFRA).
Regulation (EC) 1223/2009.
Guidelines and Reference Scientific Documents
Regulation (EC) No. 1223/2009 on cosmetic products.
Regulation (EU) 2023/1545 on fragrance allergens in cosmetic products.
Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). Opinions on Cosmetic Ingredients.
European Medicines Agency (EMA). Monographs of medicinal plants.
International Fragrance Association (IFRA). Standards for Essential Oils.
Scientific Considerations
REGINA is an anhydrous (water-free) formulation with high skin affinity, developed according to the principles of modern functional cosmetology. The combination of numerous plant oils biologically similar to epidermal lipids with standardized plant extracts, hyaluronic acid, and tetrahydrocurcuminoids allows it to simultaneously restore the skin barrier, provide deep hydration, protect against oxidative stress, and support the physiological synthesis of the extracellular matrix. Scientific literature shows particularly strong evidence for hyaluronic acid, Centella asiatica, oils rich in essential fatty acids, green tea, tetrahydrocurcuminoids, and Aloe in protecting barrier function and improving elasticity, radiance, and overall skin quality. The formulation's effectiveness derives from the complementary mechanisms of action of the individual ingredients, which help maintain more nourished, even, toned, and visibly radiant skin.
1. Tetrahydrocurcuminoids & Curcuma longa:
Majeed, M., et al. (1995). Tetrahydrocurcuminoids: The active antioxidant metabolites of curcumin. Cosmetics & Toiletries, 110(10), 51-56.
Chaudhari, S. P., et al. (2015). Comparative anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Curcumin and Tetrahydrocurcumin in topical formulations. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 14(4), 312-320.
2. Centella asiatica (Asiaticoside & Asiatic Acid):
Bylka, W., et al. (2013). Centella asiatica in cosmetology. Postepy Dermatologii i Alergologii, 30(1), 46-49.
Ratz-Łyko, A., et al. (2016). In vivo study of skin care facial formulation containing Centella asiatica extract. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 78(1), 27-33.
3. Hyaluronic Acid (Sodium Hyaluronate):
Pavicic, T., et al. (2011). Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 10(9), 990-1000.
Papakonstantinou, E., et al. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-Endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.
4. Ginkgo biloba & Camellia sinensis (Green Tea):
Chuarienthong, P., et al. (2010). Clinical efficacy comparison of anti-wrinkle cosmetics containing herbal extracts (Ginkgo biloba and Green Tea). International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 32(2), 99-106.
Katiyar, S. K., et al. (2001). Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate treatment of human skin inhibits photo-aging. Carcinogenesis, 22(2), 287-294.
5. Noble Plant Oils (Rosehip, Argan, Jojoba, Borage, Evening Primrose):
Lin, T. K., et al. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.
Phetcharat, L., et al. (2015). The effectiveness of a standardized rose hip powder, containing seeds and shells of Rosa canina, on cell longevity, skin wrinkles, moisture, and elasticity. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 10, 1849-1856.
6. Aesculus hippocastanum (Horse Chestnut - Escin) & Panax Ginseng:
Suter, A., et al. (2006). Treatment of patients with venous insufficiency with fresh plant horse chestnut seed extract. Advances in Therapy, 23(1), 179-190.
Hwang, E., et al. (2014). Panax ginseng extract attenuates UV-induced skin aging in human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of Ginseng Research, 38(1), 30-37.
7. Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice & Arnica Montana:
Surjushe, A., et al. (2008). Aloe vera: A short review. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 53(4), 163-166.
Macías-Cortés, E. C., et al. (2011). Topical Arnica montana for healing and anti-inflammatory properties in dermal applications. Fitoterapia, 82(2), 200-208.